How to Identify Genuine Land for Sale in Nigeria

Purchasing land in Nigeria can be a rewarding investment, but it also comes with significant risks due to fraudulent transactions, land disputes, and unclear ownership. Many unsuspecting buyers have fallen victim to scams, losing hard-earned money to fraudulent sellers. To avoid such pitfalls, it is essential to conduct thorough due diligence before purchasing any land.

In this article, we will outline key steps to help you identify genuine land for sale in Nigeria and make a secure investment.

1. Verify the Land Ownership and Title Documents

One of the most critical steps in land acquisition is verifying ownership and title documents. Request the following documents from the seller:

• Certificate of Occupancy (C of O): This is the official document issued by the government, confirming ownership rights over a piece of land for a specified period (usually 99 years).
• Deed of Assignment: This document transfers ownership of the land from the previous owner to the buyer. It must be registered at the relevant land registry.
• Survey Plan: This shows the exact measurements and location of the land. Ensure it is registered with the appropriate surveyor’s office.
• Excision or Gazette: For lands without a Certificate of Occupancy, check if they have been excised or gazetted, meaning the government has officially recognized them as available for private ownership.

Always conduct an independent verification of these documents at the land registry to ensure their authenticity.

2. Conduct a Land Search at the Land Registry

Before making any payment, conduct a land search at the State Land Registry where the land is located. This process helps to:

• Confirm the true ownership of the land.
• Identify any existing encumbrances, such as disputes, government acquisition, or legal claims.
• Ensure the land is not part of a government development project.

Engaging a professional lawyer or real estate expert to assist with this process is highly recommended.

3. Inspect the Land Physically

Never purchase land without physically inspecting it. During the inspection:

• Confirm that the land matches the description given by the seller.
• Check for any signs of existing disputes, such as warning notices, fences with caution marks, or local resistance.
• Ensure the land is accessible and suitable for your intended purpose (residential, commercial, or agricultural).
• Speak with neighbors or local community members to gather more information about the land’s history and potential ownership disputes.

4. Verify the Seller’s Legitimacy

Land fraud is prevalent in Nigeria, with many fraudulent sellers posing as genuine landowners. To avoid falling victim:

• Ensure you are dealing directly with the true landowner or an authorized representative with a legal Power of Attorney.
• Request for valid identification from the seller.
• Avoid purchasing land from middlemen (popularly known as “Omoniles”) without proper documentation and verification.

If buying from a real estate company, research their track record, read customer reviews, and confirm their registration with the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC).

5. Obtain a Proper Sales Agreement and Documentation

After verifying the land’s authenticity, ensure that the transaction is properly documented:

• A legally binding Sales Agreement should be drafted and signed by both parties.
• The Deed of Conveyance should be prepared and signed in the presence of a lawyer.
• Ensure the transaction is witnessed by legal professionals to prevent future disputes.
• Register the purchase with the state land registry to ensure legal recognition of ownership.

6. Be Wary of Unrealistic Offers

If a land deal sounds too good to be true, it probably is. Scammers often lure buyers with extremely cheap prices to entice them into hasty transactions. Always compare prices in the area and be cautious of sellers who pressure you to make immediate payments.

7. Engage a Professional Lawyer or Real Estate Consultant

To safeguard your investment, engage a qualified real estate lawyer or consultant to guide you through the buying process. They can help with title verification, legal documentation, and ensuring compliance with property laws.

Final Thoughts

Purchasing land in Nigeria requires careful diligence, as fraudulent transactions are rampant. By following these steps — verifying land ownership, conducting due diligence, physically inspecting the land, verifying the seller’s identity, and engaging legal professionals — you can ensure a safe and secure transaction.

A well-informed buyer is a protected buyer. Always take your time, seek professional advice, and avoid rushed decisions when buying land.